目前，市場上流行的殺青機械多是以微波殺(sha)青機、滾筒殺(sha)青機和燃(ran)氣(qi)炒青機為(wei)主。
1.微(wei)波(bo)殺青(qing)機
微波殺青設(she)備(bei)是一(yi)種新型的(de)殺青設(she)備(bei)，殺青速度(du)快(kuai)、效(xiao)(xiao)率高、效(xiao)(xiao)果好(hao)。在(zai)(zai)殺青的(de)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)，還(huan)可(ke)以除去約10%的(de)鮮葉水分。的(de)原(yuan)理主要是利用(yong)迅速升溫(wen)來(lai)鈍化(hua)鮮葉的(de)的(de)活性氧化(hua)酶，抑制鮮葉中的(de)茶多酚(fen)等酶加速氧化(hua)，防止在(zai)(zai)后續(xu)烘干過程中發(fa)生色澤嚴重改變(bian)，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)揮發(fa)鮮葉的(de)腥(xing)草味(wei)，使茶香(xiang)更好(hao)的(de)形成。
采用微波殺青(qing)設備(bei)對茶葉、菊花、金銀花等(deng)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)進行殺青(qing)，平均每公斤的量所需要的電費不到三毛錢，而且殺青(qing)效果顯著，產(chan)品(pin)色澤、外形(xing)和香氣都屬上佳品(pin)。
2.滾筒(tong)殺青機
烏龍茶殺青常(chang)用90型與(yu)110型兩種機(ji)型，該(gai)機(ji)結構緊湊、操作(zuo)方便、效率高。爐火直接加熱轉(zhuan)動(dong)的筒
體，茶葉(xie)(xie)(xie)在筒(tong)(tong)(tong)體內(nei)(nei)靠(kao)摩擦和筒(tong)(tong)(tong)體轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)的(de)離心力在滾筒(tong)(tong)(tong)內(nei)(nei)拋(pao)(pao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，并吸(xi)收(shou)熱量(liang)(liang)達到(dao)殺青(qing)目的(de)。殺青(qing)適度后，反轉(zhuan)(zhuan)滾筒(tong)(tong)(tong)，利用筒(tong)(tong)(tong)壁(bi)的(de)螺旋(xuan)導葉(xie)(xie)(xie)板(ban)將茶葉(xie)(xie)(xie)推(tui)出筒(tong)(tong)(tong)外。同時，借助滾筒(tong)(tong)(tong)末端(duan)的(de)風(feng)扇將筒(tong)(tong)(tong)內(nei)(nei)茶葉(xie)(xie)(xie)排凈(jing)。該機由滾筒(tong)(tong)(tong)、傳動(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、風(feng)扇、機架(jia)、爐(lu)(lu)灶等部(bu)分組成(cheng)。滾筒(tong)(tong)(tong)用鋼(gang)板(ban)卷制而成(cheng)，內(nei)(nei)壁(bi)焊有(you)(you)導葉(xie)(xie)(xie)板(ban)，導葉(xie)(xie)(xie)角為24°，其作用是幫(bang)助進葉(xie)(xie)(xie)或推(tui)出殺青(qing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)，并將茶葉(xie)(xie)(xie)帶至一定高(gao)度后拋(pao)(pao)下。風(feng)扇可正、反轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，以吹葉(xie)(xie)(xie)出筒(tong)(tong)(tong)或吸(xi)排濕氣。滾筒(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)兩(liang)端(duan)外圍(wei)設有(you)(you)擋煙(yan)圈，中(zhong)心有(you)(you)一轉(zhuan)(zhuan)軸(zhou)，通過兩(liang)端(duan)的(de)輻條與(yu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)體相接，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)軸(zhou)由軸(zhou)承支撐于(yu)機架(jia)上。機架(jia)一般用角鋼(gang)制作。爐(lu)(lu)灶由通風(feng)道、爐(lu)(lu)柵、爐(lu)(lu)膛(tang)、煙(yan)囪等組成(cheng)。滾筒(tong)(tong)(tong)體置(zhi)于(yu)爐(lu)(lu)膛(tang)內(nei)(nei)，爐(lu)(lu)膛(tang)頂部(bu)有(you)(you)拔風(feng)口與(yu)煙(yan)囪相通。110型殺青(qing)機傳動(dong)配(pei)用功率(lv)1.1kW，投葉(xie)(xie)(xie)量(liang)(liang)15~25kg,風(feng)機功率(lv)0.75kW。
3.燃氣炒(chao)青機
該機(ji)以液化(hua)氣為熱源，作業(ye)(ye)穩(wen)定，殺青均勻，清(qing)潔衛生、操作方便。該機(ji)為滾筒(tong)(tong)(tong)式(shi)，由(you)滾筒(tong)(tong)(tong)、火(huo)(huo)排(pai)(pai)加熱系統、傳動(dong)(dong)機(ji)構、出(chu)茶裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置、控制系統和(he)機(ji)架(jia)組(zu)成(圖(tu)4)。滾筒(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)中部(bu)為圓筒(tong)(tong)(tong)式(shi)結構，兩端為150mm錐體(ti)(ti)，外筒(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)采用(yong)保(bao)溫材料(liao)，轉筒(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)下部(bu)敞開，用(yong)于安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)加熱火(huo)(huo)排(pai)(pai);加熱系統使用(yong)液化(hua)氣作燃料(liao)，燃燒器為直線排(pai)(pai)火(huo)(huo)式(shi)，采用(yong)電子點(dian)火(huo)(huo)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置;傳動(dong)(dong)機(ji)構由(you)無級變(bian)速電機(ji)通過(guo)減速裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置帶動(dong)(dong)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)轉動(dong)(dong);機(ji)架(jia)用(yong)型(xing)鋼焊(han)制。機(ji)器的所(suo)有結構均裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置于機(ji)架(jia)上，機(ji)架(jia)底部(bu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)有4只(zhi)行走輪，便于移(yi)動(dong)(dong)。整機(ji)配用(yong)功率0.75kW，單機(ji)投葉量10~15kg。作業(ye)(ye)時，待筒(tong)(tong)(tong)內溫度達到作業(ye)(ye)要求(qiu)后，將茶葉喂(wei)入滾筒(tong)(tong)(tong)內，通過(guo)控制系統調節滾筒(tong)(tong)(tong)轉速及筒(tong)(tong)(tong)內溫度，至茶葉殺青適(shi)度時，讓筒(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)出(chu)葉端向下傾斜(xie)，利(li)用(yong)重力將茶葉排(pai)(pai)出(chu)機(ji)外。
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