目前，市場上流行的殺青機械多是(shi)以微波殺(sha)青(qing)機、滾(gun)筒(tong)殺(sha)青(qing)機和燃氣炒青(qing)機為主。
1.微波殺青機
微波殺青(qing)設備是一種新型(xing)的殺青(qing)設備，殺青(qing)速度快(kuai)、效率(lv)高、效果好(hao)。在殺青(qing)的同時(shi)，還(huan)可以除去約10%的鮮(xian)葉水分。的原理(li)主要是利用(yong)迅(xun)速升溫來鈍化鮮(xian)葉的的活性氧化酶(mei)，抑制鮮(xian)葉中的茶(cha)多酚等(deng)酶(mei)加速氧化，防止在后(hou)續烘干(gan)過程中發(fa)生色澤嚴重(zhong)改(gai)變(bian)，同時(shi)揮發(fa)鮮(xian)葉的腥草味，使茶(cha)香(xiang)更好(hao)的形(xing)成。
采用微波殺(sha)青設備對茶葉、菊花、金銀花等農產品(pin)進行殺(sha)青，平均每公斤的量所(suo)需要的電費不到三毛錢，而且(qie)殺(sha)青效果顯著，產品(pin)色澤、外形和香氣都屬上佳(jia)品(pin)。
2.滾筒殺(sha)青機
烏(wu)龍茶殺青常用90型與110型兩(liang)種機型，該機結構(gou)緊湊、操(cao)作(zuo)方便、效率(lv)高。爐火直接加(jia)熱(re)轉動(dong)的筒
體(ti)(ti)，茶葉(xie)(xie)在筒(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)內靠摩擦和筒(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)轉(zhuan)動的離心(xin)力在滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)內拋(pao)轉(zhuan)，并(bing)吸收(shou)熱量達(da)到殺(sha)青目的。殺(sha)青適度后(hou)，反(fan)轉(zhuan)滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)，利用筒(tong)(tong)(tong)壁(bi)的螺旋導(dao)葉(xie)(xie)板將(jiang)茶葉(xie)(xie)推(tui)出筒(tong)(tong)(tong)外(wai)(wai)。同時，借助滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)末端(duan)的風(feng)扇將(jiang)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)內茶葉(xie)(xie)排凈。該機由滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)、傳動裝置、風(feng)扇、機架(jia)、爐(lu)灶(zao)等部分組(zu)成(cheng)。滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)用鋼(gang)板卷(juan)制而成(cheng)，內壁(bi)焊(han)有(you)導(dao)葉(xie)(xie)板，導(dao)葉(xie)(xie)角為24°，其作(zuo)用是幫助進葉(xie)(xie)或推(tui)出殺(sha)青葉(xie)(xie)，并(bing)將(jiang)茶葉(xie)(xie)帶至(zhi)一定高度后(hou)拋(pao)下。風(feng)扇可正、反(fan)轉(zhuan)，以吹葉(xie)(xie)出筒(tong)(tong)(tong)或吸排濕氣(qi)。滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)的兩端(duan)外(wai)(wai)圍設有(you)擋煙(yan)圈，中(zhong)心(xin)有(you)一轉(zhuan)軸，通(tong)過兩端(duan)的輻(fu)條與筒(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)相(xiang)接(jie)，轉(zhuan)軸由軸承支(zhi)撐于機架(jia)上。機架(jia)一般用角鋼(gang)制作(zuo)。爐(lu)灶(zao)由通(tong)風(feng)道、爐(lu)柵、爐(lu)膛(tang)、煙(yan)囪(cong)等組(zu)成(cheng)。滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)置于爐(lu)膛(tang)內，爐(lu)膛(tang)頂部有(you)拔風(feng)口(kou)與煙(yan)囪(cong)相(xiang)通(tong)。110型殺(sha)青機傳動配用功率(lv)1.1kW，投葉(xie)(xie)量15~25kg,風(feng)機功率(lv)0.75kW。
3.燃氣炒青機
該(gai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)以液化氣(qi)為(wei)(wei)熱源，作業(ye)(ye)穩定，殺青(qing)均勻，清潔(jie)衛生、操作方便。該(gai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)式，由滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、火(huo)排(pai)加(jia)熱系(xi)統(tong)、傳(chuan)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)、出(chu)茶(cha)裝(zhuang)置、控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)和機(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)組成(cheng)(圖4)。滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)中部(bu)為(wei)(wei)圓(yuan)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)式結(jie)構(gou)(gou)，兩端為(wei)(wei)150mm錐體(ti)(ti)，外(wai)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)采用(yong)保(bao)溫材料(liao)，轉(zhuan)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)下部(bu)敞開(kai)，用(yong)于安裝(zhuang)加(jia)熱火(huo)排(pai);加(jia)熱系(xi)統(tong)使用(yong)液化氣(qi)作燃料(liao)，燃燒器(qi)為(wei)(wei)直線排(pai)火(huo)式，采用(yong)電子點火(huo)裝(zhuang)置;傳(chuan)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)由無級變速電機(ji)(ji)(ji)通過(guo)減速裝(zhuang)置帶動筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)轉(zhuan)動;機(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)用(yong)型鋼(gang)焊制(zhi)。機(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)的所(suo)有結(jie)構(gou)(gou)均裝(zhuang)置于機(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)上，機(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)底(di)部(bu)裝(zhuang)有4只行走輪，便于移動。整機(ji)(ji)(ji)配用(yong)功率0.75kW，單機(ji)(ji)(ji)投葉(xie)量10~15kg。作業(ye)(ye)時(shi)，待筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內溫度達到作業(ye)(ye)要求(qiu)后，將茶(cha)葉(xie)喂入滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內，通過(guo)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)調節滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)轉(zhuan)速及筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內溫度，至茶(cha)葉(xie)殺青(qing)適度時(shi)，讓筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)出(chu)葉(xie)端向下傾(qing)斜，利用(yong)重(zhong)力將茶(cha)葉(xie)排(pai)出(chu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)外(wai)。
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