目前，市場上流行的殺青機械多是以(yi)微(wei)波殺青(qing)(qing)機、滾筒殺青(qing)(qing)機和(he)燃氣炒青(qing)(qing)機為主(zhu)。
1.微波殺青機
微(wei)波殺(sha)(sha)青(qing)(qing)設備是(shi)一種新型的(de)殺(sha)(sha)青(qing)(qing)設備，殺(sha)(sha)青(qing)(qing)速度快、效率高(gao)、效果好。在殺(sha)(sha)青(qing)(qing)的(de)同(tong)時，還可以除去約10%的(de)鮮(xian)(xian)葉水(shui)分(fen)。的(de)原理主要(yao)是(shi)利用迅速升溫(wen)來鈍化鮮(xian)(xian)葉的(de)的(de)活(huo)性氧(yang)化酶，抑制鮮(xian)(xian)葉中(zhong)的(de)茶多酚(fen)等酶加(jia)速氧(yang)化，防(fang)止在后續烘干過程中(zhong)發生色澤嚴重改(gai)變，同(tong)時揮發鮮(xian)(xian)葉的(de)腥草(cao)味，使茶香更好的(de)形成。
采用微(wei)波殺(sha)青設備對茶葉、菊花、金銀花等農產品(pin)進行殺(sha)青，平均每(mei)公斤的量所需(xu)要(yao)的電費(fei)不到三(san)毛錢(qian)，而(er)且(qie)殺(sha)青效果顯著，產品(pin)色澤、外形和香氣(qi)都屬(shu)上佳品(pin)。
2.滾筒殺青機
烏龍(long)茶(cha)殺(sha)青常用90型(xing)與110型(xing)兩(liang)種機型(xing)，該機結構緊湊、操作方便、效(xiao)率高。爐火(huo)直(zhi)接(jie)加熱轉動(dong)的筒
體(ti)(ti)，茶葉(xie)(xie)在筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)內(nei)(nei)(nei)靠摩擦和(he)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)離(li)心力在滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內(nei)(nei)(nei)拋(pao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，并吸(xi)收熱量(liang)達到殺青目的(de)。殺青適度后(hou)，反轉(zhuan)(zhuan)滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，利用(yong)(yong)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)壁的(de)螺旋導葉(xie)(xie)板(ban)(ban)將(jiang)(jiang)茶葉(xie)(xie)推出筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)外(wai)。同時，借(jie)助滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)末端的(de)風(feng)(feng)扇將(jiang)(jiang)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內(nei)(nei)(nei)茶葉(xie)(xie)排凈(jing)。該機(ji)由(you)滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置、風(feng)(feng)扇、機(ji)架(jia)、爐(lu)灶(zao)等(deng)部分組(zu)成(cheng)。滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)鋼板(ban)(ban)卷(juan)制而成(cheng)，內(nei)(nei)(nei)壁焊有(you)(you)導葉(xie)(xie)板(ban)(ban)，導葉(xie)(xie)角(jiao)為24°，其作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是幫助進葉(xie)(xie)或推出殺青葉(xie)(xie)，并將(jiang)(jiang)茶葉(xie)(xie)帶(dai)至一定高度后(hou)拋(pao)下。風(feng)(feng)扇可正、反轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，以吹(chui)葉(xie)(xie)出筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)或吸(xi)排濕氣。滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)兩端外(wai)圍設有(you)(you)擋煙圈，中(zhong)心有(you)(you)一轉(zhuan)(zhuan)軸，通過(guo)兩端的(de)輻條與(yu)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)相接，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)軸由(you)軸承(cheng)支(zhi)撐于機(ji)架(jia)上。機(ji)架(jia)一般用(yong)(yong)角(jiao)鋼制作(zuo)。爐(lu)灶(zao)由(you)通風(feng)(feng)道、爐(lu)柵、爐(lu)膛(tang)(tang)、煙囪等(deng)組(zu)成(cheng)。滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)置于爐(lu)膛(tang)(tang)內(nei)(nei)(nei)，爐(lu)膛(tang)(tang)頂部有(you)(you)拔(ba)風(feng)(feng)口與(yu)煙囪相通。110型殺青機(ji)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)配用(yong)(yong)功率1.1kW，投葉(xie)(xie)量(liang)15~25kg,風(feng)(feng)機(ji)功率0.75kW。
3.燃(ran)氣炒(chao)青機
該(gai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)液化氣為熱(re)(re)(re)源(yuan)，作(zuo)業穩定(ding)，殺青(qing)(qing)均(jun)勻，清潔衛生、操作(zuo)方便(bian)。該(gai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)為滾筒(tong)(tong)式，由滾筒(tong)(tong)、火排(pai)(pai)加熱(re)(re)(re)系統(tong)、傳動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構、出(chu)(chu)茶(cha)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、控(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)和機(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)組(zu)成(圖4)。滾筒(tong)(tong)體中部為圓筒(tong)(tong)式結(jie)(jie)構，兩端(duan)為150mm錐(zhui)體，外筒(tong)(tong)體采用(yong)(yong)保溫材料，轉(zhuan)筒(tong)(tong)體下部敞開，用(yong)(yong)于安裝(zhuang)加熱(re)(re)(re)火排(pai)(pai);加熱(re)(re)(re)系統(tong)使用(yong)(yong)液化氣作(zuo)燃料，燃燒器為直線排(pai)(pai)火式，采用(yong)(yong)電子點火裝(zhuang)置(zhi);傳動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構由無級變速電機(ji)(ji)(ji)通過減速裝(zhuang)置(zhi)帶動(dong)筒(tong)(tong)體轉(zhuan)動(dong);機(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)用(yong)(yong)型鋼(gang)焊制(zhi)。機(ji)(ji)(ji)器的所有結(jie)(jie)構均(jun)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)于機(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)上，機(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)底(di)部裝(zhuang)有4只行(xing)走(zou)輪(lun)，便(bian)于移動(dong)。整機(ji)(ji)(ji)配(pei)用(yong)(yong)功率0.75kW，單(dan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)投葉(xie)量10~15kg。作(zuo)業時，待筒(tong)(tong)內(nei)溫度(du)達到作(zuo)業要求后，將茶(cha)葉(xie)喂入滾筒(tong)(tong)內(nei)，通過控(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)調(diao)節滾筒(tong)(tong)轉(zhuan)速及筒(tong)(tong)內(nei)溫度(du)，至(zhi)茶(cha)葉(xie)殺青(qing)(qing)適度(du)時，讓筒(tong)(tong)體出(chu)(chu)葉(xie)端(duan)向下傾斜(xie)，利(li)用(yong)(yong)重(zhong)力將茶(cha)葉(xie)排(pai)(pai)出(chu)(chu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)外。
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