目前，市場上流行的殺青機械多是以微波(bo)殺(sha)青(qing)機、滾筒(tong)殺(sha)青(qing)機和燃氣炒青(qing)機為主。
1.微波殺青(qing)機
微波(bo)殺青(qing)設備是一種新(xin)型的殺青(qing)設備，殺青(qing)速度快、效(xiao)率(lv)高(gao)、效(xiao)果好(hao)。在殺青(qing)的同時(shi)，還可(ke)以除(chu)去約10%的鮮葉水分(fen)。的原理主(zhu)要(yao)是利用迅速升(sheng)溫來鈍化(hua)鮮葉的的活性(xing)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)酶，抑制鮮葉中(zhong)的茶多酚等(deng)酶加速氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)，防止在后續(xu)烘干過程中(zhong)發(fa)生色澤嚴(yan)重改(gai)變，同時(shi)揮發(fa)鮮葉的腥草味，使茶香更好(hao)的形成。
采用微波殺(sha)(sha)青設備對茶葉、菊(ju)花、金銀花等農產(chan)品進(jin)行殺(sha)(sha)青，平均每公斤的(de)量所需要的(de)電費不到三毛錢，而且(qie)殺(sha)(sha)青效果(guo)顯著(zhu)，產(chan)品色澤、外形和香氣都屬上佳品。
2.滾筒殺青(qing)機
烏龍茶殺青常用90型(xing)與110型(xing)兩種(zhong)機(ji)型(xing)，該機(ji)結(jie)構(gou)緊湊、操作方便、效率(lv)高。爐火直(zhi)接(jie)加熱轉動(dong)的筒(tong)
體(ti)(ti)，茶葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)在筒(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)內靠(kao)摩擦(ca)和(he)筒(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)轉(zhuan)動(dong)的(de)離心力(li)在滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)內拋轉(zhuan)，并(bing)吸收熱量達(da)到殺(sha)青(qing)目的(de)。殺(sha)青(qing)適度后，反(fan)轉(zhuan)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)，利用(yong)(yong)筒(tong)(tong)壁(bi)(bi)的(de)螺旋導葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)板將茶葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)推出筒(tong)(tong)外(wai)。同時，借助滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)末端(duan)的(de)風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)將筒(tong)(tong)內茶葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)排凈。該機(ji)由(you)(you)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)、傳動(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)、機(ji)架(jia)(jia)(jia)、爐(lu)(lu)灶等部分(fen)組成。滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)鋼板卷制而成，內壁(bi)(bi)焊有(you)(you)導葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)板，導葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)角為24°，其作用(yong)(yong)是(shi)幫助進葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)或推出殺(sha)青(qing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)，并(bing)將茶葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)帶至一(yi)(yi)定高度后拋下。風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)可(ke)正(zheng)、反(fan)轉(zhuan)，以吹(chui)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)出筒(tong)(tong)或吸排濕氣。滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)的(de)兩端(duan)外(wai)圍設有(you)(you)擋煙(yan)圈，中心有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)轉(zhuan)軸，通過兩端(duan)的(de)輻(fu)條與(yu)筒(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)相接，轉(zhuan)軸由(you)(you)軸承支撐于機(ji)架(jia)(jia)(jia)上(shang)。機(ji)架(jia)(jia)(jia)一(yi)(yi)般用(yong)(yong)角鋼制作。爐(lu)(lu)灶由(you)(you)通風(feng)(feng)道、爐(lu)(lu)柵(zha)、爐(lu)(lu)膛(tang)、煙(yan)囪等組成。滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)置(zhi)于爐(lu)(lu)膛(tang)內，爐(lu)(lu)膛(tang)頂部有(you)(you)拔風(feng)(feng)口(kou)與(yu)煙(yan)囪相通。110型(xing)殺(sha)青(qing)機(ji)傳動(dong)配(pei)用(yong)(yong)功(gong)率(lv)1.1kW，投葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)量15~25kg,風(feng)(feng)機(ji)功(gong)率(lv)0.75kW。
3.燃氣炒青機(ji)
該(gai)機(ji)以液化氣(qi)為熱源，作(zuo)業(ye)穩定(ding)，殺青(qing)均(jun)勻，清潔(jie)衛生、操作(zuo)方便(bian)。該(gai)機(ji)為滾筒(tong)(tong)式，由滾筒(tong)(tong)、火排加熱系(xi)統、傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)構、出茶(cha)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)、控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統和機(ji)架(jia)(jia)組成(圖4)。滾筒(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)中(zhong)部為圓筒(tong)(tong)式結構，兩端為150mm錐(zhui)體(ti)(ti)，外(wai)筒(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)保溫(wen)材料，轉筒(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)下(xia)部敞開(kai)，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)加熱火排;加熱系(xi)統使(shi)用(yong)(yong)液化氣(qi)作(zuo)燃(ran)(ran)料，燃(ran)(ran)燒器為直(zhi)線排火式，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)子(zi)點火裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi);傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)構由無(wu)級變速電(dian)機(ji)通過(guo)(guo)減速裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)筒(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)轉動(dong)(dong)(dong);機(ji)架(jia)(jia)用(yong)(yong)型鋼(gang)焊制(zhi)。機(ji)器的所有結構均(jun)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)于(yu)(yu)機(ji)架(jia)(jia)上(shang)，機(ji)架(jia)(jia)底部裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有4只行走(zou)輪，便(bian)于(yu)(yu)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。整機(ji)配(pei)用(yong)(yong)功率0.75kW，單機(ji)投葉量10~15kg。作(zuo)業(ye)時，待(dai)筒(tong)(tong)內(nei)溫(wen)度(du)達(da)到作(zuo)業(ye)要求后(hou)，將茶(cha)葉喂入滾筒(tong)(tong)內(nei)，通過(guo)(guo)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統調節滾筒(tong)(tong)轉速及(ji)筒(tong)(tong)內(nei)溫(wen)度(du)，至茶(cha)葉殺青(qing)適度(du)時，讓(rang)筒(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)出葉端向下(xia)傾斜，利用(yong)(yong)重(zhong)力將茶(cha)葉排出機(ji)外(wai)。
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