目前,市場上流行的殺青機械多是以微波殺青(qing)機(ji)、滾(gun)筒殺青(qing)機(ji)和燃(ran)氣炒青(qing)機(ji)為主(zhu)。
1.微(wei)波殺(sha)青機
微波(bo)殺青設備(bei)(bei)是一種新型的(de)殺青設備(bei)(bei),殺青速度快、效率高、效果好。在(zai)殺青的(de)同時,還可以除(chu)去約(yue)10%的(de)鮮葉水分(fen)。的(de)原(yuan)理主要是利用迅(xun)速升(sheng)溫來鈍化鮮葉的(de)的(de)活性氧化酶,抑(yi)制(zhi)鮮葉中的(de)茶(cha)多酚(fen)等酶加速氧化,防止在(zai)后(hou)續(xu)烘干過(guo)程中發(fa)生色澤嚴重改變,同時揮發(fa)鮮葉的(de)腥草味,使茶(cha)香(xiang)更(geng)好的(de)形成。
采用微(wei)波殺青設備對茶葉(xie)、菊(ju)花、金銀花等農產(chan)(chan)品進行殺青,平均每公斤(jin)的量(liang)所需要的電(dian)費不(bu)到三毛錢(qian),而且殺青效果顯著,產(chan)(chan)品色澤、外形(xing)和(he)香氣都屬(shu)上佳品。
2.滾筒殺青機
烏龍茶(cha)殺(sha)青常用(yong)90型(xing)與110型(xing)兩種機(ji)型(xing),該(gai)機(ji)結構(gou)緊(jin)湊、操作方(fang)便、效(xiao)率高。爐火(huo)直接加熱轉動的(de)筒
體,茶(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)在(zai)筒(tong)體內(nei)(nei)靠摩擦和筒(tong)體轉動的(de)(de)(de)離心(xin)力(li)在(zai)滾(gun)筒(tong)內(nei)(nei)拋轉,并吸收熱量達到殺(sha)(sha)青(qing)目的(de)(de)(de)。殺(sha)(sha)青(qing)適度后,反(fan)轉滾(gun)筒(tong),利用(yong)(yong)筒(tong)壁的(de)(de)(de)螺旋導(dao)葉(xie)(xie)板將茶(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)推出筒(tong)外。同(tong)時,借助(zhu)滾(gun)筒(tong)末端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)將筒(tong)內(nei)(nei)茶(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)排凈。該機由(you)(you)(you)滾(gun)筒(tong)、傳動裝置、風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)、機架、爐(lu)灶等部分組成(cheng)(cheng)。滾(gun)筒(tong)用(yong)(yong)鋼板卷制而(er)成(cheng)(cheng),內(nei)(nei)壁焊有(you)導(dao)葉(xie)(xie)板,導(dao)葉(xie)(xie)角為24°,其作用(yong)(yong)是幫助(zhu)進葉(xie)(xie)或推出殺(sha)(sha)青(qing)葉(xie)(xie),并將茶(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)帶(dai)至一(yi)定高度后拋下(xia)。風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)可(ke)正、反(fan)轉,以吹葉(xie)(xie)出筒(tong)或吸排濕氣。滾(gun)筒(tong)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)端(duan)外圍設有(you)擋煙(yan)(yan)圈,中心(xin)有(you)一(yi)轉軸(zhou)(zhou),通(tong)過兩(liang)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)輻(fu)條與筒(tong)體相接,轉軸(zhou)(zhou)由(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)承支撐于機架上。機架一(yi)般用(yong)(yong)角鋼制作。爐(lu)灶由(you)(you)(you)通(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)道(dao)、爐(lu)柵、爐(lu)膛、煙(yan)(yan)囪(cong)等組成(cheng)(cheng)。滾(gun)筒(tong)體置于爐(lu)膛內(nei)(nei),爐(lu)膛頂部有(you)拔風(feng)(feng)(feng)口與煙(yan)(yan)囪(cong)相通(tong)。110型殺(sha)(sha)青(qing)機傳動配用(yong)(yong)功(gong)率(lv)1.1kW,投葉(xie)(xie)量15~25kg,風(feng)(feng)(feng)機功(gong)率(lv)0.75kW。
3.燃氣炒青機
該機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以液化氣為(wei)熱源,作(zuo)業穩定,殺青均勻,清潔衛(wei)生(sheng)、操作(zuo)方便(bian)。該機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)式(shi),由(you)滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)、火(huo)排(pai)(pai)(pai)加(jia)熱系(xi)統、傳動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構、出茶(cha)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、控制(zhi)系(xi)統和機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)組成(圖4)。滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)體中(zhong)部為(wei)圓筒(tong)(tong)(tong)式(shi)結(jie)構,兩(liang)端為(wei)150mm錐(zhui)體,外筒(tong)(tong)(tong)體采用(yong)保溫材(cai)料,轉筒(tong)(tong)(tong)體下部敞開,用(yong)于(yu)安(an)裝(zhuang)加(jia)熱火(huo)排(pai)(pai)(pai);加(jia)熱系(xi)統使(shi)用(yong)液化氣作(zuo)燃(ran)料,燃(ran)燒器為(wei)直線排(pai)(pai)(pai)火(huo)式(shi),采用(yong)電子點火(huo)裝(zhuang)置(zhi);傳動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構由(you)無級變速電機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)通過(guo)減速裝(zhuang)置(zhi)帶動(dong)(dong)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)體轉動(dong)(dong);機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)用(yong)型鋼焊(han)制(zhi)。機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器的(de)所有(you)結(jie)構均裝(zhuang)置(zhi)于(yu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)上,機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)底部裝(zhuang)有(you)4只(zhi)行走輪,便(bian)于(yu)移動(dong)(dong)。整機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)配用(yong)功(gong)率0.75kW,單機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)投葉(xie)量10~15kg。作(zuo)業時,待(dai)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)內溫度(du)(du)達到(dao)作(zuo)業要求后,將茶(cha)葉(xie)喂入滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)內,通過(guo)控制(zhi)系(xi)統調(diao)節(jie)滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)轉速及筒(tong)(tong)(tong)內溫度(du)(du),至茶(cha)葉(xie)殺青適度(du)(du)時,讓筒(tong)(tong)(tong)體出葉(xie)端向下傾斜,利用(yong)重力將茶(cha)葉(xie)排(pai)(pai)(pai)出機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)外。
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