目前，市場上流行的殺青機械多是以微波殺青(qing)(qing)機、滾筒殺青(qing)(qing)機和燃氣炒青(qing)(qing)機為主。
1.微波(bo)殺(sha)青機
微波(bo)殺(sha)青設備(bei)是(shi)(shi)一種新型的(de)(de)殺(sha)青設備(bei)，殺(sha)青速(su)度(du)快、效率(lv)高(gao)、效果好。在殺(sha)青的(de)(de)同時，還可以除(chu)去約(yue)10%的(de)(de)鮮葉水分。的(de)(de)原理主要是(shi)(shi)利用迅速(su)升溫來鈍(dun)化鮮葉的(de)(de)的(de)(de)活性氧(yang)化酶，抑制(zhi)鮮葉中(zhong)的(de)(de)茶(cha)多酚等酶加速(su)氧(yang)化，防止在后續烘干(gan)過程中(zhong)發生色澤嚴重改變，同時揮發鮮葉的(de)(de)腥草味，使茶(cha)香更好的(de)(de)形(xing)成。
采用微波(bo)殺青(qing)(qing)設備對茶葉、菊花(hua)、金銀花(hua)等農產品(pin)(pin)進行(xing)殺青(qing)(qing)，平均每公斤的(de)量所需要(yao)的(de)電費不到三毛(mao)錢，而且(qie)殺青(qing)(qing)效果(guo)顯(xian)著，產品(pin)(pin)色(se)澤、外(wai)形和(he)香氣(qi)都屬上佳品(pin)(pin)。
2.滾筒殺青(qing)機
烏龍茶殺青常(chang)用90型(xing)與110型(xing)兩(liang)種機型(xing)，該機結構緊(jin)湊、操(cao)作方便、效率(lv)高。爐火直接(jie)加熱轉動的筒(tong)
體(ti)(ti)，茶(cha)葉(xie)(xie)在筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)內(nei)靠摩擦和(he)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)的離心力(li)在滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內(nei)拋(pao)轉(zhuan)，并(bing)吸(xi)收(shou)熱量達到(dao)殺青(qing)目的。殺青(qing)適度(du)后(hou)，反轉(zhuan)滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，利用筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)壁的螺旋導葉(xie)(xie)板(ban)將(jiang)茶(cha)葉(xie)(xie)推出筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)外。同時，借助(zhu)滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)末端的風(feng)(feng)扇將(jiang)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內(nei)茶(cha)葉(xie)(xie)排(pai)凈。該(gai)機(ji)由(you)滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、傳動(dong)(dong)裝置、風(feng)(feng)扇、機(ji)架(jia)、爐(lu)灶等(deng)部分組成。滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)用鋼板(ban)卷制(zhi)而成，內(nei)壁焊有(you)導葉(xie)(xie)板(ban)，導葉(xie)(xie)角(jiao)為24°，其作用是幫助(zhu)進葉(xie)(xie)或推出殺青(qing)葉(xie)(xie)，并(bing)將(jiang)茶(cha)葉(xie)(xie)帶至(zhi)一定高(gao)度(du)后(hou)拋(pao)下。風(feng)(feng)扇可正、反轉(zhuan)，以吹葉(xie)(xie)出筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)或吸(xi)排(pai)濕(shi)氣。滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的兩端外圍設(she)有(you)擋煙圈，中心有(you)一轉(zhuan)軸，通過兩端的輻(fu)條與筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)相(xiang)接，轉(zhuan)軸由(you)軸承支撐于(yu)機(ji)架(jia)上。機(ji)架(jia)一般用角(jiao)鋼制(zhi)作。爐(lu)灶由(you)通風(feng)(feng)道、爐(lu)柵、爐(lu)膛(tang)、煙囪等(deng)組成。滾(gun)(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)(ti)置于(yu)爐(lu)膛(tang)內(nei)，爐(lu)膛(tang)頂部有(you)拔風(feng)(feng)口與煙囪相(xiang)通。110型殺青(qing)機(ji)傳動(dong)(dong)配用功率1.1kW，投(tou)葉(xie)(xie)量15~25kg,風(feng)(feng)機(ji)功率0.75kW。
3.燃(ran)氣炒青(qing)機(ji)
該(gai)機(ji)(ji)以液化(hua)氣為(wei)熱源，作(zuo)業(ye)穩定(ding)，殺青均勻，清潔(jie)衛生、操作(zuo)方便。該(gai)機(ji)(ji)為(wei)滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)式(shi)，由(you)滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、火排(pai)(pai)加熱系統(tong)、傳動(dong)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)、出茶(cha)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)、控制系統(tong)和機(ji)(ji)架組成(圖4)。滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)中部(bu)為(wei)圓筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)式(shi)結構(gou)，兩端(duan)(duan)為(wei)150mm錐體(ti)，外筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)采用(yong)(yong)保溫(wen)材料，轉筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)下(xia)部(bu)敞開，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)安裝(zhuang)加熱火排(pai)(pai);加熱系統(tong)使用(yong)(yong)液化(hua)氣作(zuo)燃料，燃燒(shao)器為(wei)直(zhi)線排(pai)(pai)火式(shi)，采用(yong)(yong)電子點火裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi);傳動(dong)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)由(you)無級變速(su)電機(ji)(ji)通過減速(su)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)帶動(dong)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)轉動(dong);機(ji)(ji)架用(yong)(yong)型鋼焊制。機(ji)(ji)器的所有(you)結構(gou)均裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)機(ji)(ji)架上(shang)，機(ji)(ji)架底部(bu)裝(zhuang)有(you)4只(zhi)行走(zou)輪，便于(yu)移動(dong)。整(zheng)機(ji)(ji)配用(yong)(yong)功(gong)率(lv)0.75kW，單機(ji)(ji)投葉量10~15kg。作(zuo)業(ye)時(shi)，待(dai)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內溫(wen)度(du)達到(dao)作(zuo)業(ye)要求后，將茶(cha)葉喂入滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內，通過控制系統(tong)調(diao)節滾(gun)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)轉速(su)及筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內溫(wen)度(du)，至茶(cha)葉殺青適度(du)時(shi)，讓(rang)筒(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)出葉端(duan)(duan)向(xiang)下(xia)傾斜，利用(yong)(yong)重力將茶(cha)葉排(pai)(pai)出機(ji)(ji)外。
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